Experimental Drug Therapies for the Treatment of Wet-Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration :: Medicine Medical Disease Papers

Test Drug Therapies for the Treatment of Wet-Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration In a general public where innovation has protracted the normal life expectancy, age-related scatters present new treatment challenges. In the United States, senior residents beyond 65 years old record for 21% of the populace (US, 2001). This gathering of individuals will encounter changes in their perceptual frameworks as they age, making it harder for them to work. A portion of these progressions will happen deliberately and normally, while others will result from ailment. On account of vision, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main source of visual impedance in the old populace (Levin, 1997). Specialists gauge that ten million senior residents beyond 75 one years old with AMD, roughly 33% of Americans 75 and more established (Levy, 1999). AMD assaults the retina of maturing eyes and is found in two structures. The most well-known structure analyzed is dry-type AMD. In this infection, representing 85% of all AMD analyze (Thompson and Daniels, 1998), the layers of the retina disintegrate and flimsy in the fovea bringing about serious vision misfortune in the focal line of vision. Frequently, fat stores, called drucen, create and additionally hinder vision. Wet-type AMD makes up the staying 15% of AMD findings and advances more quickly and horrendously than dry-type AMD. This type of AMD is liable for serious visual impedance in 90% of all AMD cases analyzed (Gisele and Bressler, 2001; Thompson and Daniels, 1998). Albeit dry-type AMD doesn't for the most part foresee wet-type AMD, between 10-20% of patients with dry-type AMD in the long run create wet-type AMD (Gisele and Bressler, 2001). Wet-type AMD is portrayed by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), or the development of fresh blood vessels in the layers of the retina (Gisele and Bressler, 2001). Not exclusively do these new vessels obstruct vision by blocking approaching light, they likewise spill blood into the encompassing tissues bringing about additional harm. Right now, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has just affirmed two treatment methods for wet-type AMD (Yam and Netting, 1999; Visudyne, 2000). Scientists previously created photocoagulation, a strategy using lasers to close up new vessels and seal spills. Shockingly, this treatment is just helpful in roughly 10% of patients who look for it and, while photocoagulation decreases vision misfortune, the outcomes are just present moment and the danger of harm to close by photoreceptors is high (Gisele and Bressler, 2001; Yam and Netting, 2001; Thompson and Daniels, 1998). The most as of late endorsed treatment alternative is verteporfin photodynamic treat ment, a two-advance treatment affirmed by the FDA in 2000 (Visudyne, 2000).

Concept and Theories of Sociology as a Social Science

Idea and Theories of Sociology as a Social Science Meaning of Sociology is a sociology that reviews people in their social setting including their plunge, establishments, frameworks, associations and their effect on cultural development.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Concept and Theories of Sociology as a Social Science explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is worried about understanding the structure and working of human culture, how it changes after some time and the powers that represent the changes. Sociologists accordingly study people corresponding to the general public and how human lead, shapes the general public and its structures and the other way around. Sociological creative mind Sociological creative mind is a basic field of criminology worried about the relationship that exists between the convictions of the general public and the life as experienced in the general public. It is the basic assessment of issues against the contemporary perspectives on the general public. People oc cupied with sociological creative mind, think that its lovely to pose inquiries so as to find solutions to what they watch. They don't depend totally on what the general public holds as evident or bogus rather, they question the premise of its honesty or misrepresentation. Along these lines, sociological creative mind is worried about the causes and results of the cooperation between different parts of the general public, for example, standards, thought processes and current events in the general public. Defenders of sociological reasoning don't concur with the realities that are passed on in the general public starting with one age then onto the next without testing reality of these realities. Social and individual issues/issues Personal issues concern people and regularly have no impact on the general public overall. Social issues then again, are issues influencing a few people in a social setting. The contrast between the two sorts of issues is that, an individual issue influence s an individual’s living style and one should manage it for example, frequencies of weight and joblessness among others. The social issue would one say one is which can't be kept away from by the bigger gathering since, all or the greater part of the people are influenced by it.Advertising Looking for exposition on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the two types of issues begin from similar bases more often than not. Both social and individual issues may start from both the social setting and individual mix-ups. For example, absence of work might be brought about by absence of steady organizations, for example, schools in the general public or then again, an individual’s inability to benefit from circumstances in the general public. A portion of the issues are extremely hard to characterize, for example, fetus removal. Auxiliary Functionalism Theory of humanism Structural functionalism is t he sociological hypothesis which holds that the general public is a framework comprised of a lot of segments or parts which cooperate to encourage security. Every one of these parts, has its significant capacity that can't be disregarded since, it adds to the effective activity of the general public as a framework. The significant segments of the cultural framework are; customs, conventions, standards, establishments and conviction frameworks. These are social procedures and structures which characterize the general public by giving it structure and peculiarity.

Reasons Behind the Rise in Heroin Use

Reasons Behind the Rise in Heroin Use Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print Reasons Behind the Rise in Heroin Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 18, 2019 copy Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery There is little doubt that heroin use is making a comeback in the United States given the increase in the number of seizures of the illegal drug at U.S. borders and the rapid increase in overdose deaths reported throughout the country. The difference now is heroin use is not limited to the dark corners and back alleys of urban America, its finding its way into rural back roads, suburban streets, and high-end apartments in New York City, cutting across all demographic groups. The Reach of Heroin Almost daily, news articles from law enforcement and health officials across the nation report sharp local increases in heroin overdose deaths. In Vermont, Gov. Pete Shumlin devoted his entire 2014 annual address to the legislature to what he called the heroin crisis in the state. The current prevalence and reach of heroin use in society were  seen in the death of Academy Award-winning actor Philip Seymour Hoffman, who was found dead with a needle in his arm and 70 bags of heroin in his $10,000-a-month New York apartment. Heroin FAQ Heroin Use Increases Sharply According to data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), heroin use rose sharply for people ages 12 to 49 between 2007 and 2011. However, the trend appears to be reversing for first-time use, even as the numbers of those addicted climb. Past-month heroin users rose from 373,000 in 2007 to 620,000 in 2011, but declined to 435,000 in 2014 and 329,000 in 2015.Those addicted to heroin increased from 179,000 in 2005 to 369,000 in 2011 and to 591,000 in 2015.First-time heroin users jumped from 106,000 in 2005 to 212,000 in 2014 but declined to 135,000 in 2015.The age of initiation of heroin use trended toward younger ages from 2005 to 2010 but reversed and by 2014 was at an older age than ever at 29.6 years old.A positive trend is that more users who inject heroin are seeking treatment, increasing from 26% in 2003 to 46% in 2013. The vast majority have no wait or only a one-week wait to enter treatment in 2013. Heroin Overdose Deaths Increasing The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration developed its 2016 National Drug Threat Assessment Summary using data from more than a thousand state and local law enforcement agencies. According to the DEAs report, deaths attributed to heroin overdose rose sharply from 1,879 in 2004 to 10,574 deaths in 2014. The DEA attributed the increase in deaths from heroin overdose to three factors: the availability of high-purity heroin, people abusing prescriptions turning to heroin, and people using heroin for the first time at a younger age. Availability of High-Purity Heroin Law Enforcement officials in every area where an increase of heroin overdose deaths has been seen  also reported an increase of high-purity heroin available at the street level. Southwest border seizures of heroin increased 352% from 2008 to 2015, according to the DEA. Officials believe the increase in higher purity heroin into the U.S. is coming from Mexico and South America, expanding into areas of the country used to a less-pure form of the drug.   The Different Types of Heroin Prescription Drug Abusers Switching to Heroin The crackdown by federal and state authorities on the prescription drug abuse epidemic had some unintended consequences. The focus on shutting down pill mills and doctor shopping made prescription drugs like OxyContin more difficult to get and more expensive. Consequently, many former pain pill abusers turned to heroin instead because it was readily available and less expensive. According to SAMHSA, people who previously used prescription pain pills non-medically were 19 times more likely to initiate heroin use than non-prescription abusers. In fact, SAMHSAs 2013 report showed that almost four out of five (79.5%) of new heroin users previously abused prescription pain relievers. Law enforcement and treatment officials likewise report that a majority of heroin users they encounter previously abused prescription opioids. Can Prescription Abuse Lead to Heroin Use? New Heroin Users Were Younger Another factor DEA officials think contributes to heroin overdose deaths is that more people were using the drug at a younger age. The average age of first use of heroin dropped significantly from 2007 to 2010, reaching a low of 21.4 years. However, that trend reversed and the age of initiation climbed back to 29.6 years in 2014. Overdose deaths could be attributed, in part, to the fact that many young people are also  binge drinkers. The combination can be a deadly one. What Is the Danger? There are two main dangers in using heroin: it is highly addictive and it has a high risk of accidental overdose. Unlike prescription drugs, heroin purity and dosage amounts can vary widely. Basically, the heroin user never really knows what level of dosage they may be taking. If someone is used to using a form of heroin that has been heavily cut or stepped on by mixing it with other ingredients and they suddenly find themselves with a batch of pure heroin, the consequences can be fatal. The Health Effects of Heroin Combined With Other Drugs Sometimes heroin dealers mix the drug with other substances. For example, a batch of heroin sold in bags marked Theraflu, Bad Ice, or Income Tax was mixed with the potent painkiller fentanyl and was blamed for 22 overdose deaths in the Pittsburgh area, proving again that heroin users never know what they are getting. Also, heroin is the most commonly found illicit substance involved in accidental alcohol and/or drug intoxication deaths. Drinking alcohol with any opioid is highly dangerous because both are central nervous system depressants that can combine to stop the users breathing. The DEA is working to address this by increasing the awareness among practitioners and pharmacists of the heroin and prescription drug problem. Heroin: Everything You’ve Been Afraid to Ask

Essay on Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana - 557 Words

The legalization of marijuana is a very debatable subject, some people think it is bad and should be illegal, and some people think it is good in some ways if used properly. It should be legal because it has few negative effects, it serves other purposes than getting people stoned, and it is better than other drugs. Many advocates say â€Å" Marijuana is a common drug used by many people.†(Sandra) A lot of people think marijuana has numerous amounts of negative effects on the body. Marijuana helps the body in many different ways. It relaxes and relives stress from many people. It has been proven that marijuana does not kill brain cells, like most people seem to think it does. Marijuana also helps the creativity of people. It gives people new†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marijuana is used for other things than getting someone stoned. Many advocates say â€Å"Marijuana is used for hemp making for fabrics and necklaces.†(William J.) Many advocates say, â€Å"If marijuana is so bad then why do doctors prescribe it to patients to help cure cancer, AIDS, headaches, migraines, glaucoma, and many other diseases.†(Sandra) Marijuana is used to calm people down and relieve stress. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marijuana does have some negative effects, but compared to other drugs marijuana is harmless. Other drugs are highly addictive were marijuana is not. Alcohol is one of the most leading causes of car crashes. Marijuana is nowhere near being a leading cause of death. Other drugs can lead to cancer where marijuana is used to cure it, and other drugs can lead to deaths. Other drugs impair you vision, but marijuana does not. All the other drugs except alcohol are gateway drugs, and the only way to purchase them is by smuggling them across the border. Many advocates say â€Å"we should begin to reflect that reality in our state and federal legislation, and stop acting as if otherwise law-abiding marijuana smokers are part of the crime problem. They are not, and it is absurd to continue using law enforcement resources arresting them.† (Gary) Many advocates also say, â€Å"Far more harm is caused by marijuana prohibition than by marijuana itself.†(Gary) The legalization of marijuana is a very debatable subject. Many peopleShow MoreRelatedEssay on Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana1880 Words   |  8 PagesPros and Cons Of Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a very common street and recreational drug that comes from the marijuana plant. The plant that produces marijuana, as is well known, is the hemp plant cannabis sativa. The pharmacologically active ingredient in marijuana is tetra-hydro-cannabinol. Marijuana is used to heighten perception, affect mood and relax. It is estimated that about thirty percent of adults in the U.S. use marijuana. Many people think marijuana is harmless. It is not.Read MoreEssay on Legalizing Marijuana: Pros and Cons1599 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2007, $42 billion was spent on the marijuana prohibition. That is more money than the war on drugs spent on all types of drugs three years before when $40 billion was spent all together. Why is our government focusing on a drug that can be called merely harmless to those who use it? Why is this drug getting more money spent on it than drugs that are highly addictive and life threatening? Marijuana is not as dangerous as people may want it to seem. Marijuana is a product of the Cannabis staviaRead MorePros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana2690 Words   |  11 Pages Marijuana Angela Stackhouse 05/07/09 Marijuana The uses of marijuana amongst teenagers has increased over the years making it the most accessible drug in America as well as one the most beneficial due to its medical uses. According to the article of Marijuana Use Among Youths Is a Serious Problem, written by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA) (2004), stated that the uses of marijuana has impacted the youth in many ways due to the unknown factorsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana should not be legalized There are many reasons why marijuana should not be legalized. There are also reasons why marijuana should be legalized. However, the cons for legalizing marijuana outweigh the pros, which lead to why marijuana should not be legalized. The topic of marijuana is extremely important in our society and one worth investigating. It was a blast finding information that I didn’t know about this topic. In this essay, I will break down facts, statistics, and data aboutRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?870 Words   |  4 Pages Legalize Marijuana In my opinion I think marijuana should be legalized across the country because it does benefit a lot of people with autoimmune problems, anything that weakens the immune system, cancer, M.S., and more. Doctor’s believe that the prohibition of marijuana causes the public more harm than good. Those are some of the pros. Some of the cons of legalizing marijuana is it has an addictive nature, it can alter a user s perception, is popularly known as a gateway drug, does damageRead MoreMarijuana: For Better or For Worse?1740 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is a harmful drug and should not be legalized. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug used in the United States. It is a plant that grows from the ground however, it contains many harmful toxins. There are many pros and cons for the legalization of marijuana although there are more cons than there are pros; one being that children are the ones who abuse marijuana the most. Surprisingly, against other beliefs, marijuan a smoking actually does impair the user’s ability to drive aRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1224 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Many different web pages and read over the information that they provided and this is what is found. The debit for this topic is all over the place some say we should some say we should not legalize marijuana. The three main topics that will going to go more into depth with are the medical benefits, monetary benefits and the renewable benefits. But first, let a bit about marijuana, so other names for it is weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane to name a few. MarijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1463 Words   |  6 PagesLegalizing marijuana is the most argumentative issue in United States. It has been discussed for many years. There are many debatable questions that need the final answers such as: Should Marijuana be legalize and taxed? Should medicinal marijuana in all states? Should the issue be addressed at the national or at the state level? Everything has its own pros and cons, so does legalizing marijuana. It can reduce the pain in medical purposes, prevent consumers from consuming marijuana illegally, andRead MoreEssay about Should Marijuana be Legalized?968 Words   |  4 PagesShould marijuana be legalized for recreational or medical use? This is a debate that has been happening for quite some time and this is not just a debate that is happening among people. There are many that have taken sides including medical personal and government officials. Currently in the United States there are two states in which recreational use of marijuana is legal; Colorado and Washington. There are three states currently that have pending legislation to legalize recreational use; CaliforniaRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use1362 Words   |  6 Pageslegalize marijuana for recreational use. Similar to the age limitation set for buying and consuming alcohol and smoking of tobacco products, Colorado has set the age limit for recreational use for adults who are at least twenty-one years of age and over to use an ounce of this drug. A ccording to the drugabuse.gov website, the drug marijuana is defined as a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa—the hemp plant. After two years of legalizing marijuana, Colorado

The Impact of Two Strong Political Parties on America’s...

The Impact of Two Strong Political Parties on America’s Politics The Constitution has nothing to say about political parties. Nowhere does it define political parties or explicitly specify that there should be two dominant parties. Nevertheless, America has had a strong two party system for last 150 years, a degree of party stability and endurance that can be found in no other nation (Landy and Milkis, 451). This system of two dominant parties has both its advantages and its drawbacks, the same as any system will. The two strong parties simplify and stabilize American politics from both the citizens’ and the politicians’ point of view and allow for government to be unified across the separation of powers built into the Constitution†¦show more content†¦The parties formed after the Constitution was adopted as the need to systematically search for and encourage popular support became apparent. The structure of a party allows a group of like-minded politicians to mold popular support in the favor of the candidate of their choic e where alone they could only accomplish the creation of multiple less organized and therefore less politically potent factions. The nature of the political system already in place gave no value to coming in second or third in elections at any level of government, leading to the natural growth of two strong parties who battle for supremacy at every election (July 22). The winner takes all, and the opposition spends their time getting ready to try again as they wait for their next chance. Once the two parties, Democrat and Republican, were firmly settled in to the system they affected legislation to give themselves automatic ballot access and state funding, making election that much harder for other parties and thereby ensuring that it remained a two party system (July 22). The two parties have continued their 150 year long tug-of-war battle for dominance and over time have become symbols of American politics. It is nearly impossible to hold a political discussion without bringing up either or both of the parties or some prominent member thereof in reference to where they stand on the issue being discussed. A majorShow MoreRelatedPolitical Figures Henry Clay And Andrew Jackson1232 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Paper One of the biggest rivalries in the United States Government that still impacts how the country operates today is between political figures Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson. Although Henry Clay never made it into presidency, he made many impactful decisions and events on behalf of our country. During the mid 1800’s, there was a rapid change in the economics, demographics, and social aspects of the growing United States deeply affecting the lives of citizens. At the root of these issuesRead MoreThe United States Political System935 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States political system is dominated by an intense battle for power. Those who have control, have the ability to influence the way our nation is operated. While every citizen has the opportunity to impact politics, some citizens and groups are at a disadvantage. In America, we struggle to ensure that every individual has a chance to equally participate in the political process. Although anyone can run for political office in the United States, the cost of a campaign is expensive. ThroughoutRead MoreThe American Two Party System1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe American two-party system is the result of the way elections are structured in the United States. Representatives in the Congress and in state legislatures are elected to in single-member districts where the individual with the most votes wins. Seeing that only one party s candidate can win in each district, there is a strong motivation for political candidates to organize themselves into two competing parties. By doing so, party members and candidates maximize their chances of winning electionsRead MorePolitical Systems And Its Effect On The World1263 Words   |  6 PagesIn this day in age, Politics have a vast impact on the world we live in. Leadership, on a macro-level, has mantled the world through all of time. These consecutive political systems have developed to become a government. Each governme nt varies throughout each country. Thus, created different forms of government: Autocracy, Monarchy, Socialism, Communism, Theocracy, Plutocracy, and Pluralism. These forms of government are created based of one’s absolute routes, means of production, elimination ofRead MoreAn Examination of Americas Two Party System Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesAn Examination of Americas Two Party System Democracy in the United States is based on the indirect representation of the people by elected officials who are usually chosen by direct vote. Almost from the beginning of the United States history, however, two parties have shared the great majority of the elected positions from the local level to the presidency. However, up until the mid-1850s when the Republican party was formed, other parties such as the Whigs, Federalists, and Anti-FederalistsRead MoreRichard Byrd s The Cold War1340 Words   |  6 PagesSea and Explorer: The Life of Richard Byrd. Power at Sea examines the impact naval superiority by countries around the globe has had on humans worldwide from the late 1800s well into the early 1900s. 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However, after the conclusion ofRead MoreThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln1356 Words   |  6 PagesRepresentative, U.S. President, and lawyer is regarded as one of America’s most successful presidents due to his incredible impact on the nation, and his views on slavery and civil rights. Abraham Lincoln, also referred to by Honest Abe, had one of the hardest jobs a president can have and that i s being a war-time leader. Despite the odds, Lincoln persevered through his rough childhood and found his way into politics and later became one of America’s greatest and most respected presidents, because of all theRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Iran1426 Words   |  6 PagesSince the 4th century, the Persian world has held great might in world politics. In 1979, Iran was officially established and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since then it has been an active and vocal player in world politics. It’s rich history of political revolutions have inspired new waves of government control, tyrannical and benign leaders, and great cultural change over time. The strong religious beliefs expressed by the people of this nation are both a form of unity and disunity that cause widespreadRead MoreClassical Era in Latin America and Europe Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization developed its own unique style of politics, culture and economies, the economic and social patter ns in Latin America distinctly detached this civilization from any Western society, which accounted for obvious distinctions in both culture and politics. In politics, the most apparent feature of the Western Society was the creation of new political ideologies, resulting in neither an absolute or dictatorial structure. The instability of Latin American politics created a weakened structure, therefore

God and The Common Good Approach Allowing Evil to Demonstrate Empathy Free Essays

When one looks at the atrocities in the world today and the example used by Johnson of the innocent infant burned in a building, a common reaction is empathy and sympathy. If Johnson insists on viewing God as a mortal and asserting that a human being would not allow such atrocity, then it is useful to look at approaches taken by ethical, moral actors in the world today. Looking at the Common-Good approach, we may assert that in order for us to have qualities, such as empathy, compassion, and other redeemable traits, we must have situations in our lives that evoke these qualities. We will write a custom essay sample on God and The Common Good Approach : Allowing Evil to Demonstrate Empathy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without pain and suffering, there is no need for these positive traits, therefore, the argument that God is not good does not apply. His position is to ensure that men can become good of their own free will. Johnson would argue this approach equates to allowing men to become evil on their own free will, as well. But, this is the essence of free will and of the Common-Good approach, we must be able to see both good and evil to decide how to best achieve a society that can combat this inevitability of free will. Therefore, God can be looked at as human, then human approaches to ethics and the common good must be utilized, so under the Common Good approach, God is good. The Common Good approach essentially deals with an idea that individual good is equated and ensured with public good and that individual, honorable traits should be shared as a community in a healthy fashion. In this way, goodness, is not good if it is not shared. To apply this to counteract Johnson’s argument, it can be said, then, that in order to recognize good to share it, we must also be able to recognize bad or â€Å"evil†, in order to know how to counter it in a world of free will. â€Å"Appeals to the common good urge us to view ourselves as members of the same community, reflecting on broad questions concerning the kind of society we want to become and how we are to achieve that society† (Velasquez, et al, 1996, 2). Johnson’s argument to this would be that just as there is an imagined God that promotes good in the actions of man in reference to free will, there could easily be an evil God that does the opposite. â€Å"For example, we could say that God is evil and that he allows free will so that we can freely do evil things, which would make us more truly evil than we would be if forced to perform evil acts† (Johnson, 1983, 88). This argument against free will does not compliment Johnson’s insistence that we look at God as a human being. Just as societies and groups strive to make communities better, there are groups, who conspire to do evil deeds and go against the common good. If God is only human, then God can only hope that others will chose not to do evil with their free will. In conclusion, Johnson is flawed in looking at God as if God is human, then attaching inhuman traits or superhuman traits to action or inaction. If God is made of human qualities, then there will be flaws in even God’s own self and design. But, with the insistence of Johnson to claim God as human, then we can simply look at ethical human approached to good and evil. We can be hopeful that with the Common Good approach that moral actors will do what is right with the idea that God would act in this same manner. References Johnson, B. C. â€Å"The Problem of God and Evil† in The Atheist Debater’s Handbook. (1983). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. 99-108. reprint. Velasquez, M. , Andre, C. , Shanks, T, Meyer, S. J. Meyer M. â€Å"Thinking Ethically: A Framework for Moral Decision Making† in Issues in Ethics (Winter, 1996). 2-5. How to cite God and The Common Good Approach : Allowing Evil to Demonstrate Empathy, Papers

Research Proposal on Taxation Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on Taxation Paper Taxation is the process of paying certain sums of money for the government in order to maintain the proper living conditions in the country. Taxes are imposed by government to provide people with up-to-date well-developed communication and transport systems, sewers, electricity, gas, water, security, the services of the police, firemen, health care and nearly everything a modern person requires for the normal life. Taxation appeared in the process of the development of the human civilization and people had always to pay them. In the ancient times people were imposed by taxes which carried different character. People had to pay their landlord, a count or duke for the territory they rent, for the cattle, crops, even air and the right to exist on the territory of the country. Later on such cruel and insane taxes disappeared and people started to pay for the thing they really required for good life. Today taxation looks much more liberal and people pay a certain percent of their income for the government which divided the money between the spheres which really need it. For example, education and health care exist only due to taxation. People are supplied with energy and resources also due to the wise management of the money collected with the help of taxation. With the help of taxation the government also finances such spheres which are not always supported by the public, for example, military services and the development of brand new military technologies and machines. Unfortunately, extremely much money collected with taxation is donated into such spheres. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Taxation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Taxation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Taxation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Without taxation the existence of the human civilization is fairly impossible, because people can not provide themselves with everything they need and they devote this job to the government. A well-composed research proposal should give a brief analysis of the general situation with taxation. Students should explain the purpose, types of taxes and the methods they are imposed. Moreover, it is reasonable to present the consequences which wait for an individual who refuses to pay taxes. One should analyze the positive and the negative sides of taxation to be able to offer his own ideas concerning this phenomenon. A research proposal is expected to be an interesting paper on the topic which contains extra fresh thoughts and solutions valuable for the discipline or the particular problem under research. The process of research proposal writing is a challenge for inexperienced students who have no ideas how to compose the paper well. With the assistance of free example research proposals on taxation in Ghana one will broaden his background knowledge and see the way of writing of such types of papers. A well-composed original free sample research proposal on taxation in the Internet is the best sort of help in the difficult situation connected with academic paper writing. NOTE!!! All free sample research proposals and examples on Taxation are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery. There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try!

Egg Drop Essay Essays

Egg Drop Essay Essays Egg Drop Essay Paper Egg Drop Essay Paper In our physic class we did an egg drop experiment. We used some vocabulary words to answer the question also did formulas to solve some problems. The question that we are referring to is will an egg break or be secured. Our idea was to secure the egg from breaking and we wanted to design something that would provide a lot of cushioning directly on the egg. So we came up with many different ideas until we chose the one that would fit right in with our ideas. The way we used our ideas to come up with his amazing egg drop project was first we found a capsule that would absorb energy rather then bell it with more force. We got a soft NEAR football, cut it into half. Then we cut out some space to fit the egg and tired back together with lawn string, but before putting it back together we covered the egg with one piece of paper towel sot that It will be a little secured. After finishing up the project we did a test run to see if it works without the egg breaking and it worked out perfectly the way we wanted it to be. When we finished testing our hypothesis came out to be that the football absorbs the shock and doesnt let the egg feel the shock of it dropping. Last step to our experiment was the calculations and the formulas. For this project we used about three formulas and they were the gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy also the force = mass* accelerations. Before we start explain I will let you know that the height where the egg is been dropping is 1 1. 5 meters. Therefore the reason why we used the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy was because when the egg is dropped from some height the gravitational potential energy of the egg is conserved. After calculating the formula for kinetic energy we found out hat the velocity or how the speed is increasing as it drops is 15. 1 m/s. Then we used the f=ma and in that formula we already knew what are acceleration was and it was 9. 8 m/s and the mass after weighting the football it was .

Biology Lab Safety Guidelines

Biology Lab Safety Guidelines Biology lab safety rules are guidelines designed to help keep you safe while you are experimenting. Some equipment and chemicals in a biology laboratory can cause serious harm. It is always wise to follow all lab safety rules. Dont forget, the most helpful safety rule is to use plain old common sense. The following biology lab safety rules are a sample of the most basic rules that should be followed when in a biology lab. Most labs have the safety rules posted in a visible place and your instructor will most likely go over them with you before you begin working. 1. Be Prepared Before you enter a biology lab, you should be prepared for and knowledgeable about any lab exercises that are to be performed. That means you should read your lab manual to know exactly what you will be doing. Review your biology notes and relevant sections in your biology textbook before your lab begins. Make sure you understand all procedures and purposes, as this will help you understand the lab activities you will perform. It will also help you get your thoughts organized for when you have to write your lab report. 2. Be Neat When working in a biology lab, make sure you keep your area neat and organized. If you happen to spill something, ask for assistance when cleaning it up. Also, remember to clean your work area and wash your hands when you are finished. 3. Be Careful An important biology lab safety rule is to be careful. You may be working with glass or sharp objects, so you dont want to handle them carelessly. 4. Wear Proper Clothing Accidents do happen in a biology lab. Some chemicals have the potential to damage clothing. With that in mind, you want to make sure that the clothing you wear is something you could do without if it becomes damaged. As a precaution, wearing an apron or lab coat is a good idea. You will also want to wear proper shoes that can protect your feet in case something gets broken. Sandals or any type of open-toed shoes are not recommended. 5. Be Cautious With Chemicals The best way to remain safe when dealing with chemicals is to assume that any chemical you handle is dangerous. Be sure you understand what type of chemicals you are using and how they should be properly handled.If any chemical comes in contact with your skin, wash immediately with water and inform your lab instructor. Wear protective eyewear when handling chemicals, which brings us to the next rule. 6. Wear Safety Goggles Safety goggles may not be the most fashion-forward accessory and can fit awkwardly on your face, but they should always be worn when you are working with chemicals or any type of heating apparatus. 7. Locate Safety Equipment Be sure you know where to find all safety equipment in the biology lab. This includes such items as the fire extinguisher, first aid kit, broken glass receptacles, and chemical waste containers. Also be sure you know where all the emergency exits are located and which exit route to take in case of an emergency. 8. Biology Lab Donts There are several things in a biology lab that you must always avoid- here are a few major laboratory donts. Do Not eat or drink in the labtaste any chemicals or substances you are working withuse your mouth for pipetting substanceshandle broken glass with bare handspour chemicals down the drain without permissionoperate lab equipment without permissionperform your own experiments unless given permissionleave any heated materials unattendedplace flammable substances near heatengage in childish antics such as horseplay or pranks 9. Have a Good Experience Biology lab is an important aspect of any general biology or AP biology course. In order to have a good lab experience, make sure that you follow these biology lab safety rules and any instructions given to you by your lab instructor.

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example It was through this that Apple Incorporated was finally able to come up with its Mac (Macintosh) product line that started to create a name by itself. Integrated with this product line is an Operating System that also struggled to compete with Microsoft. It was not therefore easy for Apple Incorporated to establish its name due to the fact that its industry is home to fierce competition among its key players. However, as competition continues to grow, Apple Incorporated nowadays is able to come up with different product lines such as iPhones and iTunes, iPad, Apple TV, Xserve, professional software application, Mac OS X and iOS operating systems, and other service and support offerings. This is an indication of a never-ending quest for innovative products that continue to help customers address their needs that can only be found from consumer technology products. Apple Incorporated has correspondingly gained big market share in iPhones. Apple’s market share for smart phones in 2008 was 12.9 percent which eventually what made the company as the third largest manufacturer in the world for the said product line (Marino et al., 2010). In the midst of a very tough competition, everything for Apple Incorporated is a matter of creating a need for its product line. ... Company analysis Today, Apple Incorporated operates globally with its products distributed through out its ‘retail and online stores, direct sales force, third party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers and value-added resellers’ (New York Times, 2011). This implies that Apple is into aggressive marketing efforts prior to achieving its competitive advantage. This is an integral part of a global strategy in which the benefits primarily include economies of scale or product replication, the opportunity to serve global customers, exploiting international resources, and the access and integration of knowledge from multiple locations (Grant, 2010; Johnson et al., 2008). This is a matter of giving more ample opportunities for Apple to discover further competitive strength in its industry through the maximisation of its operation and resources, which eventually needs to be worked out. Global companies are known to diversify their operation and find the right combin ation of resources for their competitive advantage (Feist, 1999). In this way, it is necessary for them to reach certain level of achievement in their industry and that is to go for global strategy. The opportunities are great but there are also corresponding higher risks. Apple Incorporated has remarkably taken different approaches prior to achieving a significant market share and eventually enduring on a very tough competition and risks. In May 2010, Apple Incorporated becomes the world’s most valuable company by outperforming the software giant Microsoft based on its stock value. This is an indication that Apple’s strategic moves have paid off over time and its continuing operation in its industry is a significant

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Ethics - Essay Example Thus, when studying western ethics, it is incredibly important to be able to understand not just one but several ethical codes. Three of the most important ethical codes are virtue theory, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism. Virtue theory is an ethical code that rests on the intrinsic virtues of an individual. This theory has, in some ways, a highly internalized locus of control, and in other ways an externalized one. This is because one can evaluate virtue either on the individual level (meeting one’s own expectations of virtue) or on a societal level (mirroring societal constructs of virtuous behavior). The most important thing about virtue theory is that it is almost completely unrelated to individual action taking (Crisp & Michael, 1997), focusing more on the internal character of a person than background or consequence of actions. Virtue ethics remind me of times in which I try to improve myself for no reason other than being a better person – holding doors open, for example. Deontological ethics differ greatly from virtue ethics on a number of levels. The fundamental idea of deontological ethics is that one must comport one’s self in a method that complies with a set of rules. The origins of these rules can change drastically from philosopher to philosopher, ranging from highly variable understandings of rules as basic obligations to uphold certain philosophical principles, to highly restrictive understanding of rules such as those in moral absolutism, in which certain actions are either considered unambiguously moral or amoral. This philosophy obviously seems prone to an externalized locus of control. This kind of philosophy reminds me of occasions when, as a child, I would behave in a certain way (eating my vegetables, for instance) out of an obligation without necessarily agreeing with that action. The final major mode of ethics discussed in this paper is utilitarian ethics.

Does Punishment Deter Crime?

Does Punishment Deter Crime? Does punishment really deter crime? One could say no since the rate of crime is stable instead of declining. The interaction between crime and punishment is certainly a complex one. In simple terms, one might anticipate that, if crime rates increase, there should be a corresponding increase on prison populationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦On the other hand, if punishment levels increase, crime control theory suggests that deterrence and incapacitation should show themselves in a corresponding reduction in crime rates (Blumstein, 1998). Over the past few decades, crime rates have fluctuated, but have been fairly stable numbers. We have not seen the decline in crime that one would expect to with the growth in prison or jail inmates. What type of punishment deters crime most effectively? Retribution is the oldest form of punishment. Retribution is an act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime (Macionis, 2006). With retribution, we assume that society is morally balanced. When a crime is committed, it upsets that balance. Retribution is thought to restore the balance by granting a punishment that fits the crime; for example, and eye for an eye. Another thought is that if the punishment is severe enough, it would discourage anyone from committing the crime. This justification is known as deterrence. Deterrence is the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment (Macionis, 2006). Deterrence came about during the eighteenth century and was a renewed form of punishment from retribution. Retribution had become harsh punishment, such as mutilation and death. People began to believe that criminals could be punished effectively and accordingly through lesser punishment. Along the lines of thinking that a person can be punished effectively through lesser punishment came the act of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation; however, didnt come around until the 19th century. Rehabilitation is a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses (Macionis, 2006). Society came to believe that criminal deviance was learned and could be a result of ones upbringing, financial status, or even the lack of positive role models. The thought was that if one had learned these bad traits earlier in life, they could also be taught good traits if given the opportunity. In other words, they could be reformed or rehabilitated. Rehabilitation takes work on the part of the offender; however, it does not include suffering such as that involved with retribution and deterrence. Rehabilitation is also customized to the fit the needs of the deviant. The final justification for punishment is societal protection. Societal protection means rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution (Macionis, 2006). Like deterrence, the primary focus of societal protection is protecting society. The intent is to render a punishment that leaves the deviant incapable of committing the crime again. Currently, there are 2 million people imprisoned in the United States. This population has tripled since 1990 and continues to rise. America imprisons more of its population than any other country (Macionis, 2006). Everyone agrees that punishment deters crime, but which form of punishment is the most effective? Unfortunately, deterring crime through punishment is difficult to measure. It is difficult to say what form of punishment might work best for every crime and every criminal. Generally speaking, one would think that the death penalty would be an excellent deterrent to crime; however, that is not exactly the case. It is questionable whether the death penalty actually deters others from committing the crime. Additionally, there have been individuals put to death who were later found innocent of committing the accused crime. Because the threat of punishment as a deterrent for crime has long been debated, many have attempted to measure the effectiveness. In most models, the optimal amount of deterrence does not mean eliminating the crime all together. Instead, the optimal amount of deterrence comes from balancing the costs, the benefit to society, and the deterrence to the deviant. Every justification is controversial and debatable. Personally, I am not a proponent of the death penalty; however, I think the evidence may show that it is an effective deterrent to crime. My issues with capital punishment are moral. I do not feel that it is morally right to take the life of another human being, even if they have taken the life of another. I am also concerned about the fact that an innocent person may be put mistakenly put to death. Although I have moral issues with the death penalty, this does not mean that it is not an effective deterrent to crime. Nothing says do not do it like the fear of death for doing it. In other words, I do not think there is a better way of getting the attention of a criminal than by letting them know that they will be put to death if they commit certain criminal acts. According to an article in USA Today, In New York, the death penalty has turned the tables on fear and put it back where it belongs-in the hearts of criminals. Within just one year, the death penalty helped produce a dramatic drop in violent crime. Just as important, it has restored New Yorkers confidence in the justice system because they know their government genuinely is committed to their safety. (Pataki, 1997) So although I may not be a proponent of the death penalty, I think the evidence speaks for itself. Capital punishment is a form of deterrence and it does seem to be a deterrent to crime. The benefits to society outweigh that that of retribution, rehabilitation, and societal protection. I personally support rehabilitation, but I believe that it is very expensive and does not always work. When looking for the optimal justification for punishment, I lean more towards deterrence when looking for that balance between cost, benefit to society and deterring the deviant. Deterrence seems to be the best overall solution for preventing crime. Ultimately, our desire to alleviate crime is only as tough as the laws we enforce to punish deviants. By enforcing the death penalty as the law of the land, we demonstrate our determination and strengthened the idea that our children and future generations can grow up in a country that is free of violence (Pataki, 1997).

A good detective story Essay

What makes the story of ‘The Speckled Band’ by ‘Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’ a good detective story? â€Å"†¦ A story that tells of crime and the detection of criminals. † The dictionary definition of a detective story – but this isn’t all we expect from a detective story. We expect atmospheric settings, interesting characters, mysterious crime, suspense, an evil plot and a hero that saves the day right at the eleventh hour, accompanied by a faithful companion. These are a few factors that mould together to make a good story. In this essay I will explore some of these factors and decide whether ‘The Speckled Band’ has enough good features. Sherlock Holmes is the hero. He is the well-spoken detective that never ceases to amaze the reader with his extensive knowledge of the world he lives in. â€Å"The left arm of your jacket is splattered with mud†¦ the marks are perfectly fresh†¦ There is no vehicle save a dog-cart which throws up mud in that way†¦ â€Å". He is the perfect gentlemen and in my imagination is immaculately dressed in only the finest of clothes. However, I have seen illustrations of him that may have influenced this image. He doesn’t seem to fear anything; he handles the most dangerous situations with the calmest of attitudes. An example of his fearless attitude is when Dr Roylott confronted him and aggressively bent a poker out of shape. Holmes casually straightened it back out again and didn’t lose his temper in the slightest. He gathers clues and even though they are mentioned to us, his intelligence allows him to see perfectly ordinary objects in a way we can’t. For instance, a leash with a knot tied in it, or a saucer of milk. Holmes reveals that her knew they were part of the crime but how, we may never know. He seems to be able to piece together hidden clues and build up to the final picture before the reader has even had chance to fathom out the first set of clues! He’s quick, smart and can follows clues like a bloodhound on a scent trail. Helen Stoner is the sister of the victim. She goes to Sherlock Holmes in confidence that he will solve the mystery and let her live in peace again. The death of her sister, Julia Stoner, shook her up so much that she shivers in fear. She was in a â€Å"†¦ pitiable state of agitation†¦ † her face was â€Å"all drawn and grey† and her eyes looked like those of a â€Å"†¦ hunted animal†. The death had caused her visible stress and she had become restless which in turn had affected her health. She is in a dangerous position and if Holmes doesn’t act quickly, she too may suffer the same fate as her beloved sister. Dr Roylott is the father of Helen and Julia. His aggressive, violent nature does him no favours and if anything only confirms Holmes’ suspicions. An example of his frightful temper would be during his confrontation with Holmes: â€Å"see that you keep yourself out of my grip†. Holmes, undeterred, carried on his investigations later to find Dr Roylott victim of his own crime†¦ dead. Julia Stoner, the initial victim, was engaged to a half pay major of the marines. We do not learn anything about her fianci other than this information. However, it is made clear that Julia getting married would leave less inheritance for her father, Dr Roylott. This is the proposed motive. There is little information about Julia in the text but enough to start building ideas about the crime. The narrator, Dr Watson, an enthusiastic supporter and faithful friend of Sherlock Holmes, follows all Holmes’ investigations. He is quick to learn and very eager to do so: â€Å"me dear fellow, I would not miss it for anything†. We are not given much information about him in the story, because he is telling it. All these characters make the story an enjoyable read. As to the original question, what makes the story a good detective story, I think it is all the components such as the characters and their individual personalities; a motive; a crime; the suspense; and the settings. All these fit together to make the final picture, a good story!

Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 1568 Words

At this very moment thousands of animals are strapped down in laboratories, being injected, poked, prodded, gassed, and even killed, for humans to be able to use the medicine we have access to today. Whether it is ibuprofen, eye drops, tums, etc. , the majority of medicine nowadays is tested extensively on innocent animals in various ways. Animal welfare acts are in place, but they do not protect animals in the ways they should. More acts and laws should be put into place to protect all animals, not just cats, dogs, monkeys, etc., but all animals. Many small rodents and reptiles are not protected by any acts or laws but they matter too. This type of testing on innocent animals have proven to be unnecessary, due to the creation of different non-animal testing methods that are much more accurate. It has been proven in many instances that the benefits are much greater with other medicinal testing, rather than testing on animals. Some of the tests that are conducted on animals, are not a pplicable to humans. Even though medical testing on animals is still used for many different products today, it is unethical and should be prohibited due to the lack of proven benefits to humans and the idea that medicine can be tested in other ways. Medicinal testing on animals has been around for a very long time. This ideology started back around the time when the Roman Catholic Church was in power. The church believed that testing on humans was immoral, so they decided to begin their medicalShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Biology of a Squid Essay - 577 Words

Biology of a Squid Squids are among the most varied and unique of all invertebrates. They are mollusks of the Class Cephalopod, along with the nautilus, cuttlefish, and octopus. Squids are highly evolved, and have developed a number of traits uncommon to most other mollusks. Fossil records of cephalopods have dated back the Cambrian Period (about 600 million years ago). Structurally, squids have only small variations of a basic theme common to all cephalopods. They are spherical or cigar-shaped with two fins used to stabilize movement when swimming. Ten arms are easily distinguished emerging from near the mouth Eight of these arms each have four rows of suction cups encircled by rings of chitinous (horny) hooks. These suction†¦show more content†¦Squids (and cephalopods in general) possess several unusual abilities that help them deal with their predators (which range anything from large fish to sperm whales). Their lack of an external shell allows them to squeeze into very tight places, enabling them to conveniently and easily hide from their enemies. When confronted with a dangerous animal away from hiding places, however, squids seem to have a disadvantage when compared to other mollusks with external shells. If attacked, they have no exterior protection. To counter this potential crisis, they have adapted a number of tactics. First, they are capable of temporarily altering the color of their skin, in effect camouflaging themselves. They can shift their appearance from a deep brown color, to a white, or almost transparent quality. Along with this, they are able to slightly change the texture of their skin. This form of camouflage allows the squid to take the form of rocks, seaweed, or other ocean-dwelling objects. If a hazardous foe is not fooled by camouflage, the squid can release an ink cloud. The ink cloud has a number of helpful characteristics that can ward off enemies. The cloud initially causes the nearby water to become dark and cloudy, reducing the enemys visibility and allowing the squid to escape from danger. Some deep-sea squids contain bacteria in their ink so that the cloud glows, and scares away harmful rivals.Show MoreRelatedThe Research Methods Of Internet Articles1554 Words   |  7 PagesInternet was a place where the majority of them gathered. This method of research contributed to most of the references in the final outcome. The second research method was the email interview with a marine biology professor. The research question is in the area of marine biology, and a marine biology professor would be best suited for an interview on this question. This method was chosen because it is a great primary source. 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The female squids in one class of squid might show a natural protection for evading undesirable male responsiveness and this is through distinct light-reflecting cells, these cells are able to develop the delusion of testes. The opalescent inshore squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) is a good example and isRead MoreMarine Biomes1537 Words   |  7 Pagesis insufficient for photosynthesis. Below this zone, no light penetrates through. At about 1,600 feet oxygen levels run low. Life still goes on with gills that are more efficient or by minimizing movement. Some animals that live here are swordfish, squid, wolf eels, and some species of cuttlefish. Many organisms that live in this zone are bioluminescent. This zone extends from 650 feet to about 3,300 feet. Some animals living in this zone will rise to the epipelagic zone at night to feed. In the bathypelagicRead MoreMarine Biomes1037 Words   |  5 Pages A marine biome is a large aquatic zone that takes up almost 75% of Earth’s surface, has a salt concentration around 3%, and is distinguished from other biomes by its physical environment. According to Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, (2010), the habitats of a marine biome varies depending on the level of the sea that it exists (pp.382). The layers or â€Å"zones† that make up the marine biome consist of the pelagic realm, the intertidal zone, the photic zone, theRead MoreBiological Psychology Paper1189 Words   |  5 Pagesfunction (and behaviour) by the use of drugs that affect the action of neurotransmitters† (Wickens, 2005, p. 14). In 1936 John Z. Young found a neuron in a squid that was â€Å"large enough to allow the insertion of a stimulating or recording electrode†; mostly everything known about neurons has been discovered by using this research about the giant squid (Wickens, 2005). Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley made many discoveries using Youngs’ discovery; they â€Å"were able to show that the electrical pulse was causedRead MoreThe Eye : A View Into Sight980 Words   |  4 Pagesaway impurities to maintain eye health. The biology of our eyes inspires us to develop ways we can protect and maintain comfort for these remarkable structures. For all the wonders our eyes provide throughout our lives, we owe them our attention and ongoing care. But to simply speak about the functions and structures of the eye would not be providing it with the admiration and respect it deserves. The evolution of the eye is the true marvel in biology, once considered so complex that even CharlesRead MoreThe Eco logy Of The Deep Sea Species1522 Words   |  7 PagesCookie-cutter shark can withstand these cold temperatures of the deep waters but do however migrate to the surface in order to increase the body temperature. The high pressure is survived through the large liver that is present within the internal biology of these species. The large liver is extremely oil rich which prevents the shark from being moved around by the pressure (Saveena, 2014). This helps the shark to maintain its buoyancy with little energy required. The deep water is also oxygen poorRead MoreWhale s Negative Interaction With Mankind1229 Words   |  5 PagesNatasha Clements October 17th, 2017 Marine Biology Ms. Brown p4 Honors Essay: Whale’s Negative Interaction With Mankind How Are Killer Whales Being Killed? Have you met Shamu? He (or she) is the star orca whale of the 2017 One Ocean Shamu Show at SeaWorld. The showcase begins with the propaganda display about saving the oceans, â€Å"The ocean is the heart of our natural world. Our legacy is tied to its future, in our hands to cherish and protect. We are one world, united by one ocean.† AccordingRead MoreThe Ecology Of The Cookie Cutter Shark1541 Words   |  7 Pagesthis increases the efficiency of the absorption of nutrient for these species (Castro Huber, 2010). Figure 07: Cookie-cutter bite marks (http://images.mentalfloss.com/) The Cookie-cutter shark can also feed on crustaceans, gonostomatids and squid (Hurst Dando, 2009). These species interact with multiple marine species such as dolphins, whales, sharks, bony fish as well as seals it interact with almost all marine species (Frederick, 2012). These species also do not really get fed on by other